The Real-World Usage of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles for Corporate Fleets

Introduction: Unmasking the Discrepancy

The integration of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) into corporate fleets presents challenges when emissions and consumption calculations are based solely on WLTP data. There's a considerable disparity between real-world usage and WLTP's assumptions about fuel and electricity usage ratios. In this guide, we dive deep into these differences and their implications for fleet managers.

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Delving Deeper into the Real-World Performance of PHEVs under WLTP Standards

The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) sets the standard for vehicle fuel consumption and emissions testing. Although it was believed that the WLTP would present a more accurate depiction of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) performance, recent evidence suggests notable deviations between real-world and type-approval results.

A study analyzed the performance of approximately 9,000 PHEVs in Europe, focusing on those certified under WLTP. Findings revealed that real-world fuel consumption for these vehicles was significantly higher than WLTP type-approval values, with private vehicles consuming an average of 4.0–4.4 L/100 km and company cars even higher at 7.6–8.4 L/100 km. This is in stark contrast to the projected 1.6–1.7 L/100 km by WLTP. Furthermore, actual CO2 emissions were much higher than the type-approval values, especially for company cars.

Interestingly, the disparity between real-world and type-approval values has been increasing yearly since 2012. Newer WLTP-certified cars showed even higher real-world fuel consumption than their predecessors.

The electric driving share, which measures the distance driven using only the electric motor, also deviated from expectations. Real-world data displayed an electric driving share of 45%–49% for private cars and 11%–15% for company cars, whereas WLTP assumed figures between 70% and 85%.

These deviations underscore the need for an overhaul of the WLTP assumptions to more accurately mirror real-world PHEV usage.

Reference 1: REAL-WORLD USAGE OF PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLES IN EUROPE A 2022 UPDATE ON FUEL CONSUMPTION, ELECTRIC DRIVING, AND CO2 EMISSIONS.

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What's on the Horizon: Upcoming Adjustments to WLTP Standards

Recognizing these deviations, the European Commission has initiated changes to recalibrate utility factors according to real-world data. Yet, this journey to bridge the divide between real-world and official CO2 emissions is a long one. It's anticipated that this gap won't be fully closed until 2027. Regulations have always influenced PHEV design and functionality. Given this interdependence, it’s realistic for fleet managers to assume no significant PHEV enhancements until at least 2025, when the inaugural utility factor modification is slated.

Reference 2: Commission Regulation (EU) …/… of XXX amending Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151

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Challenges and Considerations for Corporate Fleet Integration of PHEVs

Incorporating PHEVs into a corporate fleet based on WLTP data may pose significant issues. One of the primary concerns is the vast difference between actual utilization and the WLTP's projected fuel and electricity consumption ratios.

While these reports primarily focus on emissions originating from fuel, it's crucial to factor in indirect emissions that arise during electricity use. Depending on the method of consumption and the emission factor of the power grid supplying the electricity, the emission levels of PHEVs can closely resemble those of conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. In some circumstances, they could even exceed them.

If WLTP's calculation methods undergo revisions in the future, this could disrupt fleet reduction targets anticipated in corporate strategies. PHEVs indeed alleviate many drivers' range anxiety concerning Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). They serve as an excellent option when regularly charged and primarily utilized for short commutes. However, if a driver predominantly uses a PHEV for long distances, exceeding 100km, its contribution to CO2e reduction diminishes significantly.

Blindly choosing electric vehicles won't necessarily result in CO2 reduction. It's vital that fleet managers deeply comprehend this and make vehicle selections with careful consideration and full awareness of the broader implications. PHEVs can indeed be an excellent choice under specific conditions, but their benefits in terms of emission reduction aren't universally applicable. Thus, fleet managers must prioritize thorough research and strategic planning over hasty decisions.

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Conclusion: A Thoughtful Approach to Fleet Management

PHEVs, undeniably, hold immense potential for a greener future. Their adaptability for short-distance trips and frequent charging routines makes them a viable option for certain corporate fleet structures. However, for longer journeys, their benefit diminishes. Equipped with these insights, fleet managers are better positioned to tailor their fleet choices, ensuring alignment with organizational goals and environmental responsibilities. As the saying goes, knowledge is power. In the dynamic landscape of fleet management, it's the power to drive change, optimize operations, and lead the charge towards a sustainable future.

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